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Face Negotiation Theory: Face-Maintenance Framework. Face negotiation theory is a theory conceived by Stella Ting-Toomey in 1985, to understand how people from different cultures manage rapport and disagreements. [1] The theory posited "face", or self-image when communicating with others, [1] as a universal phenomenon that pervades across ...
Face" conceptualized as an individual's positive claim of social values in socializing contact was introduced into academia by Erving Goffman through his theories of "face" and "facework". [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] According to Brown and Levinson's assumption in politeness theory based on Goffman's "face", one's face is categorized into two ...
Face meaning "prestige" is technically a loan synonym, owing to semantic overlap between the native English meaning "outward semblance; effrontery" and the borrowed Chinese meaning "prestige; dignity". When face acquired its Chinese sense of "prestige; honor", it filled a lexical gap in the English lexicon. Chan and Kwok write,
Theory can be seen as a way to map the world and make it navigable; communication theory gives us tools to answer empirical, conceptual, or practical communication questions. [1] Communication is defined in both commonsense and specialized ways. Communication theory emphasizes its symbolic and social process aspects as seen from two ...
Hyperpersonal communication, according to Walther, is "more socially desirable than we tend to experience in parallel FtF interaction" (p. 17). [1] Combinations of media attributes, social phenomena, and social-psychological processes may lead CMC to become "hyperpersonal", that is, to exceed face-to-face (FtF) communication.
Nardi and Whittaker (2002) pointed that face-to-face communication is still the golden standard among the mediated technologies based on many theorists, particularly in the context of the media richness theory where face-to-face communication is described as the most efficient and informational one. This is explained because face-to-face ...
The dynamics of interpersonal communication began to shift at the break of the Industrial Revolution. The evolution of interpersonal communication is multifaceted and aligns with technological advancements, societal changes, and theories. Traditionally, interpersonal communication is grounded in face-to-face communication between people.
Social Presence Theory is defined by the different apparent physical proximities produced by various media, [7] the two more popular media being face-to-face communication and online interaction. [8] [9] Social presence is measured by the ability to project physical and emotional presence and experience it from others in interactions.