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Colour fastness is a term—used in the dyeing of textile materials—that characterizes a material's colour's resistance to fading or running.Colour fastness is the property of dyes and it is directly proportional to the binding force between photochromic dye and the fibre.
The part of a molecule responsible for its color is called the chromophore. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Light encountering a painted surface can either alter or break the chemical bonds of the pigment, causing the colors to bleach or change in a process known as photodegradation . [ 6 ]
Zero denotes extremely poor colour fastness whilst a rating of eight is deemed not to have altered from the original and thus credited as being lightfast and permanent. The ultraviolet (UV) radiation in light is responsible for ink fading. As the intensity of UV radiation differs from place to place, the ink fading also depends on place.
Dyeing Pigments for sale at a market in Goa, India Cotton being dyed manually in contemporary India Silk dye in pan on stove. Khotan. Dyeing is the application of dyes or pigments on textile materials such as fibers, yarns, and fabrics with the goal of achieving color with desired color fastness.
Acid dyes are anionic, soluble in water and are essentially applied from acidic bath. These dyes possess acidic groups, such as SO3H and COOH and are applied on wool, silk and nylon when ionic bond is established between protonated –NH2 group of fibre and acid group of dye. Overall wash fastness is poor although lightfastness is quite good ...
Laser dyes are used in the production of some lasers, optical media , and camera sensors (color filter array). [19] Mordant dyes require a mordant, which improves the fastness of the dye against water, light and perspiration. The choice of mordant is very important as different mordants can change the final color significantly.
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The vat dyes have high color fastness, which is uncommon in other dye classes. On the other hand, vat dyes tend to have poor rubbing fastness, but this can be mitigated with special treatments to the fabric. Indigo is subject to major crocking (i.e., rubbing the dye off onto other items) unless it is applied carefully.