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The different ultramarines—green, blue, red, and violet—are finely ground and washed with water. [21] Synthetic ultramarine is a more vivid blue than natural ultramarine, since the particles in synthetic ultramarine are smaller and more uniform than the particles in natural ultramarine and therefore diffuse light more evenly. [23]
[20] [21] It has been used in water, oil, and acrylic paints from paint vendors. The name "YInMn" comes from the chemical symbols for yttrium, indium and manganese. The intense blue color can be varied by adjusting the indium : manganese ratio. A range of novel green, purple, and orange pigments have been produced. [22] [23] [24]
YInMn Blue is chemically stable, does not fade, and is non-toxic. It is more durable than alternative blue pigments such as ultramarine or Prussian blue, retaining its vibrant color in oil and water, and is safer than cobalt blue, which is a suspected carcinogen and may cause cobalt poisoning. [26]
International Klein Blue (IKB) is a deep blue hue first mixed by French artist Yves Klein. IKB's visual impact comes from its heavy reliance on ultramarine, as well as Klein's often thick and textured application of paint to canvas. IKB 191 (1962), one of a number of works Klein painted with International Klein Blue
Payne's grey is a dark blue-grey colour used in painting. Originally a mixture of iron blue (Prussian blue), yellow ochre and crimson lake, [3] Payne's grey now is often a mixture of blue (ultramarine, phthalocyanine, or indigo) and black, [4] [5] or of ultramarine and burnt sienna.
Prussian blue pigment is significant since it was the first stable and relatively lightfast blue pigment to be widely used since the loss of knowledge regarding the synthesis of Egyptian blue. European painters had previously used a number of pigments such as indigo dye , smalt , and Tyrian purple , and the extremely expensive ultramarine made ...
The first known use of red, yellow, and blue as "simple" or "primary" colors, by Chalcidius, ca. AD 300, was possibly based on the art of paint mixing. [ 38 ] Mixing pigments for the purpose of creating realistic paintings with diverse color gamuts is known to have been practiced at least since Ancient Greece (see history section ).
The word is derived from the Latin word caeruleus (Latin: [kae̯ˈru.le.us]), "dark blue, blue, or blue-green", which in turn probably derives from caerulum, diminutive of caelum, "heaven, sky". [2] "Cerulean blue" is the name of a blue-green pigment consisting of cobalt stannate (Co 2 SnO 4). The pigment was first synthesized in the late ...
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