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A stillbirth can often result in the feeling of guilt or grief in the mother. [10] The term is in contrast to miscarriage, which is an early pregnancy loss, [11] and sudden infant death syndrome, where the baby dies a short time after being born alive. [10] Often the cause is unknown.
The placenta functions as an immunological barrier between the mother and the fetus, creating an immunologically privileged site. For this purpose, it uses several mechanisms: It secretes neurokinin B containing phosphocholine molecules. This is the same mechanism used by parasitic nematodes to avoid detection by the immune system of their host ...
Terms that are known to cause distress in those experiencing miscarriage include: abortion (including spontaneous abortion) rather than miscarriage, habitual aborter rather than a woman experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss, products of conception rather than baby, blighted ovum rather than early pregnancy loss or delayed miscarriage,
Isoimmunization occurs when the maternal immune system is sensitized to red blood cell surface antigens. The most common causes of isoimmunization are blood transfusion, and fetal-maternal hemorrhage. [12] The hemolytic process can result in anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal thrombocytopenia, and neonatal neutropenia. [6]
Early stillbirth is between 20 and 27 weeks gestation, while late stillbirth is between 28 and 36 weeks gestation. A term stillbirth is when the fetus dies 37 weeks and above. [47] This phenomenon can go beyond grief and can lead to worries about strange maternal feelings or postpartum treatment regarding complications of childbirth. [48]
The immunological system of the mother plays an important role in pregnancy considering the embryo's tissue is half foreign and unlike mismatched organ transplant, is not normally rejected. During pregnancy, immunological events that take place within the body of the mother are crucial in determining the healthiness of both the mother and the ...
This mutation usually causes a complicated medical condition involving several human organ systems. [18] [19] When any one of the disorders in the PID, PIRDs, or IEM classifications is caused by a single gene mutation that disrupts the immune system, it is termed an IEI. Consequently, many IEIs are also termed a PID, PIRDs, and/or IEM.
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAITP, NAIT, NATP or NAT) is a disease that affects babies in which the platelet count is decreased because the mother's immune system attacks her fetus' or newborn's platelets. A low platelet count increases the risk of bleeding in the fetus and newborn.