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The Samaritan Pentateuch, also called the Samaritan Torah (Samaritan Hebrew: ࠕࠦࠅࠓࠡࠄ , Tūrā), is the sacred scripture of the Samaritans. [1] Written in the Samaritan script , it dates back to one of the ancient versions of the Torah that existed during the Second Temple period .
The Samaritan Torah (ࠕࠫࠅࠓࠡࠄ , Tōrāʾ), also called the Samaritan Pentateuch, is the scripture of Samaritanism, which is slightly different from the Torah of Judaism. The Samaritan Pentateuch was written in the Samaritan script , a direct descendant of the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet that emerged around 600 BCE.
[4] [2] The Septuagint (a compilation of Koine Greek translations made in the third and second centuries BCE) and the Peshitta (a Syriac translation made in the second century CE) occasionally present notable differences from the Masoretic Text, as does the Samaritan Pentateuch, the text of the Torah preserved by the Samaritans in Samaritan ...
Samaritan is a direct descendant of the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, which was a variety of the Phoenician alphabet.Paleo-Hebrew is the alphabet in which large parts of the Hebrew Bible were originally penned according to the consensus of most scholars, who also believe that these scripts are descendants of the Proto-Sinaitic script.
For example, the English word trumpet has been replaced by the Hebrew word "shofar" (שופר, literally, ram's horn) in reference to the wind instrument used to announce the fiftieth year. [4] Other words that are transliterated include Torah instead of Law , Shaliaḥ instead of apostle , and Ruaḥ instead of spirit .
An Arabic translation was also made of the text, as also a Samaritan modern Hebrew translation, called Pitron. An English translation of the Samaritan modern Hebrew translation, Pitron, was made by Gaster. The Asatir is often cited by 17th and 18th-century Arabic authors, Muslim al-Danār and Ibrahim al-Ayya, in their Bible commentaries. [13]
The early history of Samaritan Hebrew is poorly documented, though it can be said that trying to directy connect it to Israelian Hebrew is a stretch. Because of the relatively late divergence of Samaritanism from mainstream Judaism its only by the 100's BC there was definitely a separate Samaritan dialect, though it's likely that the dialect is older than this.
Leningrad/Petrograd Codex text sample, portions of Exodus 15:21-16:3. A Hebrew Bible manuscript is a handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) made on papyrus, parchment, or paper, and written in the Hebrew language (some of the biblical text and notations may be in Aramaic).
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