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Simplified control circuit of human thermoregulation. [8]The core temperature of a human is regulated and stabilized primarily by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain linking the endocrine system to the nervous system, [9] and more specifically by the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the adjacent preoptic area regions of the hypothalamus.
There are two types of heat the body is adapted to, humid heat and dry heat, but the body adapts to both in similar ways. Humid heat is characterized by warmer temperatures with a high amount of water vapor in the air, while dry heat is characterized by warmer temperatures with little to no vapor, such as desert conditions.
Non-freezing cold injury; usually of the hands, due to low perfusion when the body is cold and vasoconstriction increases localised heat loss, and limited glove insulation is used to allow sufficient dexterity to operate essential equipment. [4] [10] Frostbite; above the surface in sub-freezing temperatures, mostly to exposed areas. [53]
A cooling vest is a piece of specially made clothing designed to lower or stabilize body temperature and make exposure to warm climates or environments more bearable. [1] [2] Cooling vests are used by many athletes, construction workers, and welders, as well as individuals with multiple sclerosis, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, or various types of sports injuries.
L C = characteristic length, which is commonly defined as the volume of the body divided by the surface area of the body, such that = /, k b = thermal conductivity of the body. The physical significance of Biot number can be understood by imagining the heat flow from a hot metal sphere suddenly immersed in a pool to the surrounding fluid.
A rectangular prism two cubes wide, one cube long and four cubes tall has the same volume, but a surface area of 28 units 2. Stacking them in a single column gives 34 units 2. Allen's rule predicts that endothermic animals with the same body volume should have different surface areas that will either aid or impede their heat dissipation.
An ectotherm (from the Greek ἐκτός (ektós) "outside" and θερμός (thermós) "heat"), more commonly referred to as a "cold-blooded animal", [1] is an animal in which internal physiological sources of heat, such as blood, are of relatively small or of quite negligible importance in controlling body temperature. [2]
This response is due to the energy required to maintain a relatively constant body temperature above ambient temperature by controlling heat loss and heat gain. [1] The degree of this response depends not only on the species, but also on the levels of insulative and metabolic adaptation. [ 2 ]