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Andes virus (ANDV) is the most common cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in South America. Andes virus is transmitted mainly by the long-tailed pygmy rice rat ( Oligoryzomys longicaudatus ).
Tissue tropism is the range of cells and tissues of a host that support growth of a particular pathogen, such as a virus, bacterium or parasite. [1] [2] Some bacteria and viruses have a broad tissue tropism and can infect many types of cells and tissues. [1] Other viruses may infect primarily a single tissue. [1]
Paleovirology is the study of viruses that existed in the past but are now extinct. In general, viruses cannot leave behind physical fossils, [1] therefore indirect evidence is used to reconstruct the past.
An arenavirus is a bi- or trisegmented ambisense RNA virus that is a member of the family Arenaviridae. [1] [2] These viruses infect rodents and occasionally humans.A class of novel, highly divergent arenaviruses, properly known as reptarenaviruses, have also been discovered which infect snakes to produce inclusion body disease, mostly in boa constrictors.
The first animal virus discovered (1897) was the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). It is the prototypic member of the genus Aphthovirus in the Picornaviridae family. [5] The plaque assay was developed using poliovirus; the discovery of viral replication in culture was also with poliovirus in 1949.
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an Orbivirus that causes bluetongue disease in sheep, cattle, goats, and wild ungulates. BTV has been in the forefront of molecular studies for last three decades and now represents one of the best understood viruses at the molecular and structural levels.
The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of circular, negative-sense, single-stranded DNA.The complete genome is 3000–4000 nucleotides long. [1] They also contain a non-coding region with one to two 80–110 nt sequences that contain high GC content, forming a secondary structure of stems and loops. [2]
Canine distemper virus is closely related to measles virus and is the most important viral disease of dogs. The disease (which was first described in 1760, by Edward Jenner, the pioneer of smallpox vaccination, is highly contagious, but is well controlled by vaccination. In the 1990s, thousands of African lions died from the infection, which ...