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The common toad, European toad, or in Anglophone parts of Europe, simply the toad (Bufo bufo, from Latin bufo "toad"), is a toad found throughout most of Europe (with the exception of Ireland, Iceland, parts of Scandinavia, and some Mediterranean islands), in the western part of North Asia, and in a small portion of Northwest Africa.
The wingspan of the adult moth ranges from 30–38 millimetres (1 + 3 ⁄ 16 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in). The forewing of the adult moth has brownish color with paler veins whereas the hindwing is more lightly colored (greyish-white). There are also oblique white bands on the forewing. [4] The adult moth appears at night and live about 5–10 days. [13]
Toad at night in Tucson. A substance found among the toxins the toad excretes when it is threatened, 5-MeO-DMT, is often dried into crystals and smoked. It is considered illegal in the United States, and categorized as a Schedule 1 substance, though law enforcement is increasingly less likely to enforce the laws with its growing popularity.
The southern toad is a medium-sized, plump species with a snout-to-vent length of up to 92 mm (3.6 in) with females being slightly larger than males. The most obvious distinguishing features are the knobs on the head and the backward-pointing spurs that extend as far as the paratoid glands .
A 2022 review found strong evidence for pain in adult insects of two orders (Blattodea: cockroaches and termites; Diptera: flies and mosquitoes) and found substantial evidence for pain in adult insects of three additional orders (Hymenoptera: sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants; Lepidoptera: moths and butterflies; and Orthoptera: grasshoppers ...
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[citation needed] Since American spadefoot toads breed in shallow waters, they are under "constant stress from drying waters, increasing temperatures, reduced food densities, and crowding". [9] This stress, or simply a lack of adequate food, can increase the likelihood of cannibalism. [9] If they do resort to cannibalism, their bodies can ...
The western toad (Anaxyrus boreas) is a large toad species, between 5.6 and 13 cm (2.2 and 5.1 in) long, native to western North America. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] A. boreas is frequently encountered during the wet season on roads, or near water at other times.