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Pantoprazole, sold under the brand name Protonix, among others, is a medication used for the treatment of stomach ulcers, short-term treatment of erosive esophagitis due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), maintenance of healing of erosive esophagitis, and pathological hypersecretory conditions including Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.
A newer PCAB vonoprazan with a faster and longer lasting action than revaprazan, and PPIs has been marketed in Japan (2013), Russia (2021), and the US (2023). [4] [5] [6] PPIs are among the most widely sold medications in the world. The class of proton-pump inhibitor medications is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Tirzepatide [12] is an antidiabetic medication used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes [9] [13] [14] [15] and for weight loss. [10] [16] Tirzepatide is administered via subcutaneous injections (under the skin).
Drugs used in diabetes treat types of diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin , most GLP-1 receptor agonists ( liraglutide , exenatide , and others), and pramlintide , all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents.
That is, they block the action of the H + /K + ATPase by binding to or near the site of the K + channel. Since the binding is competitive and reversible these agents have the potential to achieve faster inhibition of acid secretion and longer duration of action compared to PPIs, resulting in quicker symptom relief and healing.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. [6] Common symptoms include increased thirst , frequent urination , fatigue and unexplained weight loss . [ 3 ]
Breakthrough T1D was founded in 1970 by a group of parents of children living with type 1 diabetes. [9] The founding members formed the organization with the intent to find a cure for type 1 diabetes and its complications by supporting research.
In addition, there is continuing research and development of new γ/δ PPAR agonists for additional therapeutic indications, as well as "pan" agonists acting on all three isoforms. [10] [11] The anti-hypertension drug telmisartan is known to have PPAR γ/δ dual partial agonist activity in vivo. It also activates PPAR-α in vitro. [12]