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Bergmann's rule is most often applied to mammals and birds which are endotherms, but some researchers have also found evidence for the rule in studies of ectothermic species, [2] [3] such as the ant Leptothorax acervorum. While Bergmann's rule appears to hold true for many mammals and birds, there are exceptions. [4] [5] [6]
Allen's rule - Hare and its ears on the Earth [1]. Allen's rule is an ecogeographical rule formulated by Joel Asaph Allen in 1877, [2] [3] broadly stating that animals adapted to cold climates have shorter and thicker limbs and bodily appendages than animals adapted to warm climates.
In 1847, Carl Bergmann published his observations that endothermic body size (i.e. mammals) increased with increasing latitude, commonly known as Bergmann's rule. [9] His rule postulated that selection favored within species individuals with larger body sizes in cooler temperatures because the total heat loss would be diminished through lower surface area to volume ratios. [8]
Bergmann's rule states that body mass increases with colder climate, as here in Swedish moose. [7]Allen's rule states that the body shapes and proportions of endotherms vary by climatic temperature by either minimizing exposed surface area to minimize heat loss in cold climates or maximizing exposed surface area to maximize heat loss in hot climates.
A study by Frederick Foster and Mark Collard found that Bergmann's rule can be applied to humans when the latitude and temperature between groups differ widely. [12] Allen's rule is a biological rule that says the limbs of endotherms are shorter in cold climates and longer in hot climates. Limb length affects the body's surface area, which ...
While Allen charges can be used in federal court, 22 states prohibit their use in state-level proceedings, including Kentucky. Other states that prohibit the use of Allen charges are: Alaska
Allen's rule; B. Bergmann's rule; D. Deep-sea gigantism; F. Foster's rule; G. Gloger's rule; H. ... This page was last edited on 3 September 2014, at 22:14 (UTC).
Allen does not lack speed — or confidence — as he shifts gears to Philadelphia Eagles training camp. Devon Allen laments 'unfortunate' rule that led to track DQ, thinks he can run a 4.1 40 in ...