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English: What are hypospadias and epispadias? Hypospadias and epispadias are both congenital conditions involving an abnormal opening of the urethra. Sources: First Aid USMLE Step 1 (text) Pathoma (text/video) Goljan EF. Rapid Review Pathology.
Warren Snodgrass, MD. Warren Snodgrass is a pediatric urologist specializing in the repair of hypospadias, the second most common birth defect.In 1994 he described the tubularized incised plate (TIP) repair of hypospadias, which has become known as the Snodgrass repair and has become the most common approach to repairing most forms of hypospadias.
Hypospadias is a common malformation in fetal development of the penis in which the urethra does not open from its usual location on the head of the penis. It is the second-most common birth defect of the male reproductive system, affecting about one of every 250 males at birth, [3] although when including milder cases, is found in up to 4% of newborn males. [4]
Djordjevic works in the field of genital reconstructive surgery.Djordjevic has published many papers on the surgical treatment of hypospadias, epispadias, Peyronie's disease, adult hypospadias, buried penis, urethral reconstruction, pediatric reconstructive urology, and penile enhancement surgery, as well as transgender surgery.
The blood pump is then switched off, and the interval of circulatory arrest begins. At this time more blood is drained to reduce residual blood pressure if surgery on a cerebral aneurysm is to be performed to help create a bloodless surgical field. [41] After surgery is completed during the period of cold circulatory arrest, these steps are ...
The principal treatment of chordee is surgery in infancy, [6] usually by a pediatric urologist. With chordees caused by circumcision, the preferred method of surgical treatment is a z-plasty. [7] The preferred time for surgery is between the ages of 6 and 18 months and correction is usually successful. [citation needed]
Glanuloplasty is plastic surgery carried out on a glans. Typical examples include correcting a hypospadias on the penis , [ 1 ] or attempting to restore a clitoris mutilated by female genital cutting .
Prior to surgery, the bowels are typically cleared with a routine called bowel prep. [20] Bowel prep can be performed at home the 1–2 days before surgery or in some instances, occurs in a hospital before the operation. [20] Bowel prep may require magnesium citrate drink to empty the colon. [21] Bowel prep is done to reduce infection risk. [22]