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4-Fluoromethylphenidate was studied further along with other analogues of (±)-threo-methylphenidate (TMP) to assess their potential as anti-cocaine medications. 4F-MPH was reported as having an ED 50 mg/kg of 0.26 (0.18–0.36), regarding its efficacy as a substitute for cocaine, and a relative potency of 3.33 compared to methylphenidate for ...
4-Fluoroephedrine, also known as 4-fluoro-β-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine, is a substituted phenethylamine, amphetamine, and β-hydroxyamphetamine derivative. [6] [1] It is the 4-fluoro analogue of ephedrine. [6] [1] The synthesis of 4-fluoroephedrine has been described. [7] It can serve as a precursor in the synthesis of 4-fluoromethamphetamine ...
In 1997, the FDA proposed a regulation on ephedra (the herb from which ephedrine is obtained), which limited an ephedra dose to 8 mg (of active ephedrine) with no more than 24 mg per day. [78] This proposed rule was withdrawn, in part, in 2000 because of "concerns regarding the agency's basis for proposing a certain dietary ingredient level and ...
4-Fluoroamphetamine is a releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. [9] The respective EC 50 values are 2.0 x 10 −7 M, 7.3 x 10 −7 M, and 0.37 x 10 −7 M, while the IC 50 values are 7.7 x 10 −7 M, 68 x 10 −7 M, and 4.2 x 10 −7 M. [3]
A wide variety of alkaloid and non-alkaloid compounds have been identified in various species of Ephedra.Of the six ephedrine-type ingredients found in ephedra (at concentrations of 0.02-3.4%), the most common are ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, [13] which are the sources of its stimulant and thermogenic effects. [4]
The men’s world No. 1 will be banned from February 9 to May 4 after twice testing positive for banned substance Clostebol in March 2024, meaning that he will be eligible to play in the French ...
[3] [4] [1] It is reported to be used in various over-the-counter cough and cold preparations throughout the world, including Japan. [1] The drug is an ephedrine-like sympathomimetic and activates α-and β-adrenergic receptors. [5] Chemically, it is a substituted amphetamine and is closely related to ephedrine. [3] [4]
The Food and Drug Administration has not approved the Clearstrand-ASD test. But as of Thursday, it is available to consumers in 44 states — if they are able to pay the $2,750 cost. (It is not ...