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  2. Sentence (mathematical logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(mathematical_logic)

    Sentences are then built up out of atomic sentences by applying connectives and quantifiers. A set of sentences is called a theory; thus, individual sentences may be called theorems. To properly evaluate the truth (or falsehood) of a sentence, one must make reference to an interpretation of the theory.

  3. Substitution (logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_(logic)

    A substitution is called a ground substitution if it maps all variables of its domain to ground, i.e. variable-free, terms. The substitution instance tσ of a ground substitution is a ground term if all of t ' s variables are in σ ' s domain, i.e. if vars(t) ⊆ dom(σ).

  4. Mathematical proof - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_proof

    One example is the parallel postulate, which is neither provable nor refutable from the remaining axioms of Euclidean geometry. Mathematicians have shown there are many statements that are neither provable nor disprovable in Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice (ZFC), the standard system of set theory in mathematics (assuming ...

  5. Well-formed formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-formed_formula

    A closed formula, also ground formula or sentence, is a formula in which there are no free occurrences of any variable. If A is a formula of a first-order language in which the variables v 1, …, v n have free occurrences, then A preceded by ∀v 1 ⋯ ∀v n is a universal closure of A.

  6. Rewriting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewriting

    Such a rule typically takes the form , where A is a syntactic category label, such as noun phrase or sentence, and X is a sequence of such labels or morphemes, expressing the fact that A can be replaced by X in generating the constituent structure of a sentence. For example, the rule means that a sentence can consist of a noun phrase (NP ...

  7. Propositional calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_calculus

    Propositional logic, as currently studied in universities, is a specification of a standard of logical consequence in which only the meanings of propositional connectives are considered in evaluating the conditions for the truth of a sentence, or whether a sentence logically follows from some other sentence or group of sentences.

  8. MATHLAB - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATHLAB

    MATHLAB 68 has been used to solve electrical linear circuits using an acausal modeling approach for symbolic circuit analysis. [2] This application was developed as a plug-in for MATHLAB 68 (open-source), building on MATHLAB's linear algebra facilities (Laplace transforms, inverse Laplace transforms and linear algebra manipulation).

  9. Number sentence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_sentence

    A valid number sentence that is true: 83 + 19 = 102. A valid number sentence that is false: 1 + 1 = 3. A valid number sentence using a 'less than' symbol: 3 + 6 < 10. A valid number sentence using a 'more than' symbol: 3 + 9 > 11. An example from a lesson plan: [6] Some students will use a direct computational approach.

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