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In 1802, Napoleon dispatched a Polish legion of around 5,200 men to join the French forces in Saint-Domingue to suppress the Haitian slave rebellion.The Poles may have been hoping to receive French support in restoring Poland's independence from its occupiers—Prussia (later Germany), Russia, and Austria—which divided the country in the late 18th century. [4]
However, in 1915 the United States invaded Haiti and kept occupation until 1934. During this time, interest in Haitian nationality broadened to embrace the rural majority's "black" culture. A Haitian historical society was founded in 1924, with a focus on their history through the "Black Slave Rebellion" narrative of the Haitian Revolution. [62]
First head of state of Haiti Jean-Jacques Dessalines called the Poles the white Negroes of Europe, [1] [2] in an expression of respect and empathy for the situation of the Poles. The 1805 Haitian constitution granted the Poles Haitian citizenship. [3] A Polish community lives in Haiti to this day with their main center in Casale.
There are roughly 20,000,000 people of Polish ancestry living outside Poland, making the Polish diaspora one of the largest in the world [1] and one of the most widely dispersed. Reasons for displacement include border shifts, forced expulsions, resettlement by voluntary and forced exile, and political or economic emigration .
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The official languages of Haiti are French and Haitian Creole. Traditionally, the two languages served different functions, with Haitian Creole the informal everyday language of all the people, regardless of social class, and French the language of formal situations: schools, newspapers, the law and the courts, and official documents and decrees.
Haiti's new elite class styled itself after Creole customs, and it identified itself as the successor of the Saint-Domingue, promoting Creole arts and culture while emphasizing Saint-Domingue's historical role of being the center of French Creole civilization in the Americas. Haitian aristocrats Madame Leger and Louise Bourke, 1904
The sociopolitical climate in Haiti has made it challenging for her and the other athletes who spoke with NBC News to connect with their birthplace, a reality many in the Haitian diaspora face.