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OBD-II PIDs (On-board diagnostics Parameter IDs) are codes used to request data from a vehicle, used as a diagnostic tool.. SAE standard J1979 defines many OBD-II PIDs. All on-road vehicles and trucks sold in North America are required to support a subset of these codes, primarily for state mandated emissions inspections.
Currently, all diesel engines offered by Volkswagen Group are direct injection (DI). This engine started as a straight-five-cylinder Audi diesel in 1989 (itself derived from the EA827 series), but got reduced to an inline-four-cylinder for Volkswagens use.
The first four-stroke direct-injection petrol engine for a passenger car was released the following year, in the Mercedes-Benz 300SL sports car. [38] However the engine suffered lubrication problems due to petrol diluting the engine oil, [ 39 ] [ 40 ] and subsequent Mercedes-Benz engines switched to a manifold injection design.
Gasoline direct injection (GDI), also known as petrol direct injection (PDI), [1] is a mixture formation system for internal combustion engines that run on gasoline (petrol), where fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. This is distinct from manifold injection systems, which inject fuel into the intake manifold (inlet manifold).
The Rochester Ramjet is an automotive fuel injection system developed by the Rochester Products Division of General Motors and first offered as a high-performance option on the Corvette and GM passenger cars in 1957. It was discontinued partway through 1965 in favor of the Chevrolet Big Block as a performance option.
Common rail fuel system on a Volvo truck engine. In 1916 Vickers pioneered the use of mechanical common rail systems in G-class submarine engines. For every 90° of rotation, four plunger pumps allowed a constant injection pressure of 3,000 pounds per square inch (210 bar; 21 MPa), with fuel delivery to individual cylinders being shut off by valves in the injector lines. [1]
They are mainly used for large family cars and executive cars, as well as large MPVs, although the 2.0 L is also used for some hot hatch models. The DW started with an SOHC 2-valve design between 2.0 and 2.0 L (1,968 and 1,997 cc), later receiving DOHC and four valves per cylinder upon the introduction of the 2.2 L in 2000 with the Citroën C5 ...
A unit injector (UI) is a high-pressure integrated direct fuel injection system for diesel engines, combining the injector nozzle and the injection pump in a single component. The plunger pump used is usually driven by a shared camshaft .