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Isotopomers or isotopic isomers are isomers with isotopic atoms, having the same number of each isotope of each element but differing in their positions in the molecule. The result is that the molecules are either constitutional isomers or stereoisomers solely based on isotopic location.
In physics, mirror nuclei are a pair of isobars of two different elements where the number of protons of isobar one (Z 1) equals the number of neutrons of isobar two (N 2) and the number of protons of isotope two (Z 2) equals the number of neutrons in isotope one (N 1); in short: Z 1 = N 2 and Z 2 = N 1.
The term isotopes (originally also isotopic elements, [4] now sometimes isotopic nuclides [5]) is intended to imply comparison (like synonyms or isomers). For example, the nuclides 12 6 C, 13 6 C, 14 6 C are isotopes (nuclides with the same atomic number but different mass numbers [6]), but 40 18 Ar, 40 19 K, 40 20 Ca are isobars (nuclides with ...
The isomeric shift on atomic spectral lines is the energy or frequency shift in atomic spectra, which occurs when one replaces one nuclear isomer by another. The effect was predicted by Richard M. Weiner [2] in 1956, whose calculations showed that it should be measurable by atomic (optical) spectroscopy (see also [3]).
A chart or table of nuclides maps the nuclear, or radioactive, behavior of nuclides, as it distinguishes the isotopes of an element.It contrasts with a periodic table, which only maps their chemical behavior, since isotopes (nuclides that are variants of the same element) do not differ chemically to any significant degree, with the exception of hydrogen.
The mass difference (mass shift), which dominates the isotope shift of light elements. [2] It is traditionally divided to a normal mass shift (NMS) resulting from the change in the reduced electronic mass, and a specific mass shift (SMS), which is present in multi-electron atoms and ions.
A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus, in which one or more nucleons (protons or neutrons) occupy excited state levels (higher energy levels). ). "Metastable" describes nuclei whose excited states have half-lives 100 to 1000 times longer than the half-lives of the excited nuclear states that decay with a "prompt" half life (ordinarily on the order of 10
When considering the different locations of the same isotope, the term isotopomer, first proposed by Seeman and Paine in 1992, is used. [4] [5] Isotopomerism is analogous to constitutional isomerism or stereoisomerism of different elements in a structure. Depending on the formula and the symmetry of the structure, there might be several ...
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