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Dysentery may also be caused by shigellosis, an infection by bacteria of the genus Shigella, and is then known as bacillary dysentery (or Marlow syndrome). The term bacillary dysentery etymologically might seem to refer to any dysentery caused by any bacilliform bacteria, but its meaning is restricted by convention to Shigella dysentery.
Shigellosis, known historically as dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by Shigella bacteria. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea , fever , abdominal pain , and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. [ 1 ]
It is sometimes listed as an explicit differential diagnosis of bacillary dysentery, as opposed to a cause. [6] Bacillary dysentery should not be confused with diarrhea caused by other bacterial infections. One characteristic of bacillary dysentery is blood in stool, [7] which is the result of invasion of the mucosa by the pathogen.
The most commonly observed signs associated with Shigella dysentery include colitis, malnutrition, rectal prolapse, tenesmus, reactive arthritis, and central nervous system problems. Further, S. dysenteriae is associated with the development of hemolytic-uremic syndrome, which includes anemia, thrombocytopenia, and kidney failure.
Occasionally dysentery may occur. [5] Most travelers recover within three to four days with little or no treatment. [3] About 12% of people may have symptoms for a week. [3] Bacteria are responsible for more than half of cases, [3] typically via foodborne illness and waterborne diseases.
Effective treatment against all stages of the disease may require a combination of medications. [2] Infections without symptoms may be treated with just one antibiotic, and infections with symptoms are treated with two antibiotics. [3] Amoebiasis is present all over the world, [6] though most cases occur in the developing world. [7]
Signs and symptoms of CDI range from mild diarrhea to severe life-threatening inflammation of the colon. [16]In adults, a clinical prediction rule found the best signs to be significant diarrhea ("new onset of more than three partially formed or watery stools per 24-hour period"), recent antibiotic exposure, abdominal pain, fever (up to 40.5 °C or 105 °F), and a distinctive foul odor to the ...
Intestinal parasites produce a variety of symptoms in those affected, most of which manifest themselves in gastrointestinal complications and general weakness. [1] Gastrointestinal conditions include inflammation of the small and/or large intestine, diarrhea/dysentery, abdominal pains, and nausea/vomiting.