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The word problem for an algebra is then to determine, given two expressions (words) involving the generators and operations, whether they represent the same element of the algebra modulo the identities. The word problems for groups and semigroups can be phrased as word problems for algebras. [1]
If more than () / transmission errors occur, the receiver cannot uniquely decode the received word in general as there might be several possible codewords. One way for the receiver to cope with this situation is to use list decoding , in which the decoder outputs a list of all codewords in a certain radius.
There are two types of divisions in Python: floor division (or integer division) // and floating-point / division. [103] Python uses the ** operator for exponentiation. Python uses the + operator for string concatenation. Python uses the * operator for duplicating a string a specified number of times.
Computing the position of a particular unique tuple or matrix in a de Bruijn sequence or torus is known as the de Bruijn decoding problem. Efficient O ( n log n ) {\displaystyle \color {Blue}O(n\log n)} decoding algorithms exist for special, recursively constructed sequences [ 17 ] and extend to the two-dimensional case.
A snippet of Python code with keywords highlighted in bold yellow font. The syntax of the Python programming language is the set of rules that defines how a Python program will be written and interpreted (by both the runtime system and by human readers). The Python language has many similarities to Perl, C, and Java. However, there are some ...
In a binary alphabet made of ,, if a (,) repetition code is used, then each input bit is mapped to the code word as a string of -replicated input bits. Generally n = 2 t + 1 {\displaystyle n=2t+1} , an odd number.
In software engineering, rubber duck debugging (or rubberducking) is a method of debugging code by articulating a problem in spoken or written natural language. The name is a reference to a story in the book The Pragmatic Programmer in which a programmer would carry around a rubber duck and debug their code by forcing themselves to explain it ...
The state of this automaton records the first symbol of the input string. If one of the two terminal states is accepting and the other is rejecting, then the automaton will accept only one of the strings 0010 and 1000. However, these two strings cannot be distinguished by any automaton with fewer than three states. [1]