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  2. Instruction cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_cycle

    The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle, or simply the fetch–execute cycle) is the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until the computer has shut down in order to process instructions. It is composed of three main stages: the fetch stage, the decode stage, and the execute stage.

  3. Instruction set architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture

    An instruction set architecture is distinguished from a microarchitecture, which is the set of processor design techniques used, in a particular processor, to implement the instruction set. Processors with different microarchitectures can share a common instruction set.

  4. Instruction register - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_register

    In computing, the instruction register (IR) or current instruction register (CIR) is the part of a CPU's control unit that holds the instruction currently being executed or decoded. [1] In simple processors, each instruction to be executed is loaded into the instruction register, which holds it while it is decoded, prepared and ultimately ...

  5. Machine code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_code

    Every processor or processor family has its own instruction set. Instructions are patterns of bits, digits, or characters that correspond to machine commands. Thus, the instruction set is specific to a class of processors using (mostly) the same architecture. Successor or derivative processor designs often include instructions of a predecessor ...

  6. Instruction pipelining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_pipelining

    In computer engineering, instruction pipelining is a technique for implementing instruction-level parallelism within a single processor. Pipelining attempts to keep every part of the processor busy with some instruction by dividing incoming instructions into a series of sequential steps (the eponymous "pipeline") performed by different processor units with different parts of instructions ...

  7. Reduced instruction set computer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set...

    The Sun Microsystems UltraSPARC processor is a type of RISC microprocessor.. In electronics and computer science, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) is a computer architecture designed to simplify the individual instructions given to the computer to accomplish tasks.

  8. Branch (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_(computer_science)

    The program counter maintains the memory address of the next machine instruction to be fetched and executed. Therefore, a branch, if executed, causes the CPU to execute code from a new memory address, changing the program logic according to the algorithm planned by the programmer. One type of machine level branch is the jump instruction. These ...

  9. Micro-operation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-operation

    A high-level illustration showing the decomposition of machine instructions into micro-operations, performed during typical fetch-decode-execute cycles [1]: 11 . In computer central processing units, micro-operations (also known as micro-ops or μops, historically also as micro-actions [2]) are detailed low-level instructions used in some designs to implement complex machine instructions ...