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The reaction of an organic substrate with phosgene is called phosgenation. [9] Phosgenation of diols give carbonates (R = H, alkyl, aryl), which can be either linear or cyclic: n HO−CR 2 −X−CR 2 −OH + n COCl 2 → [−O−CR 2 −X−CR 2 −O−C(=O)−] n + 2n HCl. An example is the reaction of phosgene with bisphenol A to form ...
Triphosgene (bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (BTC)) is a chemical compound with the formula OC(OCCl 3) 2. It is used as a solid substitute for phosgene, which is a gas and diphosgene, which is a liquid. [5] [6] Triphosgene is stable up to 200 °C. [7] Triphosgene is used in a variety of halogenation reactions. [8]
A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities are on the right-hand side with a plus sign between the entities in both the reactants and the products, and an arrow that points towards the products to show the direction of the reaction. [1]
Thiophosgene is a red liquid with the formula CSCl 2. It is a molecule with trigonal planar geometry. It is a molecule with trigonal planar geometry. There are two reactive C–Cl bonds that allow it to be used in diverse organic syntheses .
Phosgene oxime can be prepared by reduction of chloropicrin using a combination of tin metal and hydrochloric acid as the source of the active hydrogen reducing agent: Cl 3 CNO 2 + 4 [H] → Cl 2 C=N−OH + HCl + H 2 O. The observation of a transient violet color in the reaction suggests intermediate formation of trichloronitrosomethane (Cl 3 ...
Owing to the hazardous nature of phosgene, the production of isocyanates requires special precautions. [1] A laboratory-safe variation masks the phosgene as oxalyl chloride. [5] Also, oxalyl chloride can be used to form acyl isocyanates from primary amides, which phosgene typically dehydrates to nitriles instead. [6]
In chemistry, the rate equation (also known as the rate law or empirical differential rate equation) is an empirical differential mathematical expression for the reaction rate of a given reaction in terms of concentrations of chemical species and constant parameters (normally rate coefficients and partial orders of reaction) only. [1]
This requires mixing the compounds in a reaction vessel, such as a chemical reactor or a simple round-bottom flask. Many reactions require some form of processing ("work-up") or purification procedure to isolate the final product. [1] The amount produced by chemical synthesis is known as the reaction yield.