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After menopause, when estrogen levels drop, the risk of heart disease in women goes up and becomes higher than in men of the same age.” Estrogen protects the cardiovascular system in several ways.
The plaque in the artery walls can cause chest pain and shortness of breath, and if that plaque ruptures, it can result in a heart attack or stroke. An ideal LDL range is below 100.
Researchers are reporting that menopause hormone replacement therapy may not actually reduce the risk of heart disease. They add that calcium and vitamin D supplements as well as low-fat diets may ...
Cardiovascular fitness is a component of physical fitness, which refers to a person's ability to deliver oxygen to the working muscles, including the heart.Cardiovascular fitness is improved by sustained physical activity (see also Endurance Training) and is affected by many physiological parameters, including cardiac output (determined by heart rate multiplied by stroke volume), vascular ...
People who do more exercise and aerobic conditioning can often lower this rate beyond the normal range, says Matthew Goldstein, M.D., cardiologist at Cardiology Consultants of Philadelphia ...
Cardiovascular disease in women is an integral area of research in the ongoing studies of women's health. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an umbrella term for a wide range of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels, including but not limited to, coronary artery disease, stroke, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarctions, and aortic aneurysms.
Estrogen can also reduce vaginal atrophy and increase sexual arousal, frequency and orgasm. [21] The effectiveness of hormone replacement can decline in some women after long-term use. [21] A number of studies have also found that the combined effects of estrogen/androgen replacement therapy can increase libido and arousal over estrogen alone. [21]
Women’s risk scores rose twice as steeply as men’s on average, suggesting that after menopause, heart health declines dramatically. Any edge in heart health women have over men is soon eroded.