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  2. cksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cksum

    cksum is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems that generates a checksum value for a file or stream of data. The cksum command reads each file given in its arguments, or standard input if no arguments are provided, and outputs the file's 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checksum and byte count. [1]

  3. Checksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checksum

    The content of such spam may often vary in its details, which would render normal checksumming ineffective. By contrast, a "fuzzy checksum" reduces the body text to its characteristic minimum, then generates a checksum in the usual manner. This greatly increases the chances of slightly different spam emails producing the same checksum.

  4. sum (Unix) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_(Unix)

    Perform 16-bit bitwise right rotation by 1 bit on the checksum; Add the byte to the checksum, and apply modulo 2 ^ 16 to the result, thereby keeping it within 16 bits; The result is a 16-bit checksum; The above algorithm appeared in Seventh Edition Unix. The System V sum, -s in GNU sum and -o2 in FreeBSD cksum:

  5. File integrity monitoring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_integrity_monitoring

    File integrity monitoring (FIM) is an internal control or process that performs the act of validating the integrity of operating system and application software files using a verification method between the current file state and a known, good baseline.

  6. Fletcher's checksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher's_checksum

    In this respect, the Fletcher checksum is not different from other checksum and CRC algorithms and needs no special explanation. An ordering problem that is easy to envision occurs when the data word is transferred byte-by-byte between a big-endian system and a little-endian system and the Fletcher-32 checksum is computed. If blocks are ...

  7. Adler-32 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adler-32

    An Adler-32 checksum is obtained by calculating two 16-bit checksums A and B and concatenating their bits into a 32-bit integer. A is the sum of all bytes in the stream plus one, and B is the sum of the individual values of A from each step. At the beginning of an Adler-32 run, A is initialized to 1, B to 0.

  8. Category:Checksum algorithms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Checksum_algorithms

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  9. Verhoeff algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verhoeff_algorithm

    The Verhoeff checksum calculation is performed as follows: Create an array n out of the individual digits of the number, taken from right to left (rightmost digit is n 0, etc.). Initialize the checksum c to zero. For each index i of the array n, starting at zero, replace c with ⁠ (, (,)) ⁠.