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The water–gas shift reaction (WGSR) describes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen: CO + H 2 O ⇌ CO 2 + H 2. The water gas shift reaction was discovered by Italian physicist Felice Fontana in 1780. It was not until much later that the industrial value of this reaction was realized.
As these reactions by themselves are highly endothermic (apart from WGSR, which is mildly exothermic), a large amount of heat needs to be added to the reactor to keep a constant temperature. Optimal SMR reactor operating conditions lie within a temperature range of 800 °C to 900 °C at medium pressures of 20-30 bar. [8]
However, for a strictly thermochemical standpoint, it seems to me that the article would benefit from an introductory paragraph pointing out that the WGSR is just one of the three independent chemical reactions that define certain regions of the C-H-O system between about 200° - 600 °C, where CH4 and C are stable in significant amounts at the ...
[10] [11] The monoanion is an intermediate in the homogeneous iron-carbonyl-catalyzed water-gas shift reaction (WGSR). The slow step in the WGSR is the proton transfer from water to the iron hydride anion. [12] HFe(CO) − 4 + H 2 O → H 2 Fe(CO) 4 + OH −
WGSR may refer to: WGSR-LD, a low-power television station (channel 19) licensed to serve Reidsville, North Carolina, United States; Water-gas shift reaction
The WGSR also requires a catalyst, typically over iron oxide or other oxides. The byproduct is CO 2 . [ 35 ] Depending on the quality of the feedstock (natural gas, naphtha , etc.), one ton of hydrogen produced will also produce 9 to 12 tons of CO 2 , a greenhouse gas that may be captured .
Cu 2+ was used as metal center in the first synthesized HKUST-1 material, [1] but the HKUST-1 structure was also obtained with other metals. The oxidation state of most used metals is +II, which results in a neutral overall framework.
Chemical reactions are usually characterized by a chemical change, and they yield one or more products, which usually have properties different from the reactants. Reactions often consist of a sequence of individual sub-steps, the so-called elementary reactions, and the information on the precise course of action is part of the reaction mechanism.