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Although benzodiazepines can put people to sleep, while asleep, the drugs disrupt sleep architecture, decreasing sleep time, delayed and decreased REM sleep, increased alpha and beta activity, decreased K complexes and delta activity, and decreased deep slow-wave sleep (i.e., NREM stages 3 and 4, the most restorative part of sleep for both ...
Clonazepam, sold under the brand name Klonopin among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used to prevent and treat anxiety disorders, seizures, bipolar mania, agitation associated with psychosis, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and akathisia. [11]
A confusional arousal (also known as sleep drunkenness or severe sleep inertia) is medical condition where a person awakened from sleep shows mental confusion for at least several minutes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Complete or partial amnesia of the episodes may be present.
The consensus is to reduce dosage gradually over several weeks, e.g. 4 or more weeks for diazepam doses over 30 mg/day, [1] with the rate determined by the person's ability to tolerate symptoms. [120] The recommended reduction rates range from 50% of the initial dose every week or so, [121] to 10–25% of the daily dose every 2 weeks. [120]
The study included 589 people, with an average age of 40 at the start. ... consistently had these sleep problems over five years. In addition, researchers found that people in the middle group had ...
Although benzodiazepines are much safer in overdose than their predecessors, the barbiturates, they can still cause problems in overdose. [19] Taken alone, they rarely cause severe complications in overdose; [161] statistics in England showed that benzodiazepines were responsible for 3.8% of all deaths by poisoning from a single drug. [21]
Tolerance occurs to the muscle-relaxant, anticonvulsant, and sleep-inducing effects of benzodiazepines, and upon cessation a benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome occurs. This can lead to benzodiazepines being taken for longer than originally intended, as people continue to take the drugs over a long period of time to suppress withdrawal symptoms.
Long-term use of benzodiazepines can worsen pre-existing depression and anxiety and may potentially also cause dementia with impairments in recent and remote memory functions. [23] Use is widespread among amphetamine users, with those that use amphetamines and benzodiazepines having greater levels of mental health problems and social ...