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  2. Bladder cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladder_cancer

    Most people with blood in the urine do not have bladder cancer; up to 22% of those with visible haematuria and 5% with microscopic haematuria are diagnosed with the disease. [1] Women with bladder cancer and haematuria are often misdiagnosed with urinary tract infections, delaying appropriate diagnosis and treatment. [2]

  3. List of countries by life expectancy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life...

    This is especially true for Healthy life expectancy, the definition of which criteria may change over time, even within a country. For example, Canada is a country with a fairly high overall life expectancy at 81.63 years; however, this number decreases to 75.5 years for Indigenous people in the country. [4]

  4. Cancer staging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging

    3D medical illustration depicting the TNM stages in breast cancer. Cancer staging can be divided into a clinical stage and a pathologic stage. In the TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) system, clinical stage and pathologic stage are denoted by a small "c" or "p" before the stage (e.g., cT3N1M0 or pT2N0).

  5. List of European countries by life expectancy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_European_countries...

    List of countries by life expectancy for 2019 according to the World Health Organization. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The data is filtered according to the list of countries in Europe . In the WHO list and, accordingly, in this list, there are no mini-states with a population of several tens of thousands of people (Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino ...

  6. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrophil_to_lymphocyte_ratio

    A study in 2001 was conducted by the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute in Bratislava by Zahorec which suggested the routine used of the ratio as a stress factor in clinical ICU practice in intervals of 6-12 and 24 hours.

  7. Hill equation (biochemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_equation_(biochemistry)

    Protein-ligand binding typically changes the structure of the target protein, thereby changing its function in a cell. The distinction between the two Hill equations is whether they measure occupancy or response. The Hill equation reflects the occupancy of macromolecules: the fraction that is saturated or bound by the ligand.

  8. Glycated hemoglobin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycated_hemoglobin

    A1c is a weighted average of blood glucose levels during the life of the red blood cells (117 days for men and 106 days in women [18]). Therefore, glucose levels on days nearer to the test contribute substantially more to the level of A1c than the levels in days further from the test. [19]

  9. Drug test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_test

    Urine drug tests screen the urine for the presence of a parent drug or its metabolites. The level of drug or its metabolites is not predictive of when the drug was taken or how much the patient used. [19] Urine drug testing is an immunoassay based on the principle of competitive binding. Drugs which may be present in the urine specimen compete ...