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The quantum complexity class BQP is the class of problems solvable in polynomial time on a quantum Turing machine. By adding postselection , a larger class called PostBQP is obtained. Informally, postselection gives the computer the following power: whenever some event (such as measuring a qubit in a certain state) has nonzero probability, you ...
In business, "statistics" is a widely used management-and decision support tool. It is particularly applied in financial management, marketing management, and production, services and operations management. [69] [70] Statistics is also heavily used in management accounting and auditing.
These applications codified the theory of other statistics and estimators such as marginal structural models, the standardized mortality ratio, and the EM algorithm for coarsened or aggregate data. Inverse probability weighting is also used to account for missing data when subjects with missing data cannot be included in the primary analysis. [ 4 ]
In statistics, the intraclass correlation, or the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), [1] is a descriptive statistic that can be used when quantitative measurements are made on units that are organized into groups. It describes how strongly units in the same group resemble each other.
Statistics educators have cognitive and noncognitive goals for students. For example, former American Statistical Association (ASA) President Katherine Wallman defined statistical literacy as including the cognitive abilities of understanding and critically evaluating statistical results as well as appreciating the contributions statistical thinking can make.
In statistics, the method of moments is a method of estimation of population parameters. The same principle is used to derive higher moments like skewness and kurtosis. It starts by expressing the population moments (i.e., the expected values of powers of the random variable under consideration) as functions of the parameters of interest. Those ...
For promotion from Secondary level (Class IX-X) to Senior Secondary level (Class XI-XII), a student must obtain, for all subjects (or best 5 if 6 subjects are taken), 33% overall, without any minimum theory mark requirement. Originally, the passing criteria were set such that a student had to get 33% in both the theory and practical components.
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