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Isotherms of an ideal gas for different temperatures. The curved lines are rectangular hyperbolae of the form y = a/x. They represent the relationship between pressure (on the vertical axis) and volume (on the horizontal axis) for an ideal gas at different temperatures: lines that are farther away from the origin (that is, lines that are nearer to the top right-hand corner of the diagram ...
The ideal gas law is the equation of state for an ideal gas, given by: = where P is the pressure; V is the volume; n is the amount of substance of the gas (in moles) T is the absolute temperature; R is the gas constant, which must be expressed in units consistent with those chosen for pressure, volume and temperature.
An ideal solution or ideal mixture is a solution that exhibits thermodynamic properties analogous to those of a mixture of ideal gases. [1] The enthalpy of mixing is zero [2] as is the volume change on mixing by definition; the closer to zero the enthalpy of mixing is, the more "ideal" the behavior of the solution becomes.
Specific volume for an ideal gas is related to the molar gas constant (R) and the gas's temperature (T), pressure (P), and molar mass (M): ν = R T P M {\displaystyle \nu ={\frac {RT}{PM}}} It's based on the ideal gas law , P V = n R T {\displaystyle PV={nRT}} , and the amount of substance , n = m / M {\textstyle n=m/M}
The gas which comprises an atmosphere is usually assumed to be an ideal gas, which is to say: = Where ρ is mass density, M is average molecular weight, P is pressure, T is temperature, and R is the ideal gas constant. The gas is held in place by so-called "hydrostatic" forces. That is to say, for a particular layer of gas at some altitude: the ...
the ideal gas law in molar form, which relates pressure, density, and temperature: = at each geopotential altitude, where g is the standard acceleration of gravity, and R specific is the specific gas constant for dry air (287.0528J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1). The solution is given by the barometric formula.
The Sackur–Tetrode equation is an expression for the entropy of a monatomic ideal gas. [ 1 ] It is named for Hugo Martin Tetrode [ 2 ] (1895–1931) and Otto Sackur [ 3 ] (1880–1914), who developed it independently as a solution of Boltzmann's gas statistics and entropy equations, at about the same time in 1912.
The relative activity of a species i, denoted a i, is defined [4] [5] as: = where μ i is the (molar) chemical potential of the species i under the conditions of interest, μ o i is the (molar) chemical potential of that species under some defined set of standard conditions, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature and e is the exponential constant.