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The prognosis is better if there was a lucid interval than if the person was comatose from the time of injury. Arterial epidural hematomas usually progress rapidly. However, venous epidural hematomas, caused by a dural sinus tear, are slower. [3] Outcomes are worse if there is more than 50 mL of blood in the hematoma before surgery.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI, physical trauma to the brain) can cause a variety of complications, health effects that are not TBI themselves but that result from it. The risk of complications increases with the severity of the trauma; [1] however even mild traumatic brain injury can result in disabilities that interfere with social interactions, employment, and everyday living. [2]
Patients may have a history of loss of consciousness but they recover and do not relapse. Clinical onset occurs over hours. Complications include focal neurologic deficits depending on the site of hematoma and brain injury, increased intracranial pressure leading to herniation of brain and ischemia due to reduced blood supply and seizures.
Traumatic brain injury may cause a range of serious coincidental complications that include cardiac arrhythmias [117] and neurogenic pulmonary edema. [118] These conditions must be adequately treated and stabilised as part of the core care. Surgery can be performed on mass lesions or to eliminate objects that have penetrated the brain.
Neurogenic shock can result from severe central nervous system damage (brain injury, cervical or high thoracic spinal cord). [1]In simple terms, the trauma causes a sudden loss of background SNS stimulation to the blood vessels.
Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a term used to differentiate brain injuries occurring after birth from injury, from a genetic disorder, or from a congenital disorder. [ 2 ] Unlike a broken bone where trauma to the body is obvious, head trauma can sometimes be conspicuous or inconspicuous.
Rate of haematoma expansion, perihaematoma odema volume and the presence of fever can affect the chances of getting neurological complications. [47] The risk of death from an intraparenchymal bleed in traumatic brain injury is especially high when the injury occurs in the brain stem. [48]
Headaches and pain can occur as a result of a brain injury, either directly from the damage or due to neurological conditions stemming from the injury. Due to the changes in the brain as well as the issues associated with the change in physical and mental capacity, depression and low self-esteem are common side effects that can be treated with ...