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The prime decomposition theorem for 3-manifolds states that every compact, orientable 3-manifold is the connected sum of a unique (up to homeomorphism) collection of prime 3-manifolds. A manifold is prime if it cannot be presented as a connected sum of more than one manifold, none of which is the sphere of the same dimension.
Familiar examples of two-dimensional manifolds include the sphere, torus, and Klein bottle; this book concentrates on three-dimensional manifolds, and on two-dimensional surfaces within them. A particular focus is a Heegaard splitting, a two-dimensional surface that partitions a 3-manifold into two handlebodies. It aims to present the main ...
A 3-manifold which has such a finite cover is said to virtually fiber. If M is a Seifert fiber space, then M virtually fibers if and only if the rational Euler number of the Seifert fibration or the Euler characteristic of the base space is zero. The hypotheses of the conjecture are satisfied by hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
[a] This reduces much of the study of 3-manifolds to the case of prime 3-manifolds: those that cannot be written as a non-trivial connected sum. Here is a statement of Thurston's conjecture: Every oriented prime closed 3-manifold can be cut along tori, so that the interior of each of the resulting manifolds has a geometric structure with finite ...
The geometry and topology of three-manifolds is a set of widely circulated notes for a graduate course taught at Princeton University by William Thurston from 1978 to 1980 describing his work on 3-manifolds. They were written by Thurston, assisted by students William Floyd and Steven Kerchoff. [1]
Definition. An open book decomposition of a 3-dimensional manifold M is a pair (B, π) where . B is an oriented link in M, called the binding of the open book;; π: M \ B → S 1 is a fibration of the complement of B such that for each θ ∈ S 1, π −1 (θ) is the interior of a compact surface Σ ⊂ M whose boundary is B.
In mathematics, the Lickorish–Wallace theorem in the theory of 3-manifolds states that any closed, orientable, connected 3-manifold may be obtained by performing Dehn surgery on a framed link in the 3-sphere with ±1 surgery coefficients. Furthermore, each component of the link can be assumed to be unknotted.
Once a small subfield of geometric topology, the theory of 3-manifolds has experienced tremendous growth in the latter half of the 20th century. The methods used tend to be quite specific to three dimensions, since different phenomena occur for 4-manifolds and higher dimensions.
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