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The activation energy Q takes a different value depending on whether the high or low temperature limit is being considered: it changes from a high value Q H at low temperatures (in the glassy state) to a low value Q L at high temperatures (in the liquid state). Common logarithm of viscosity against temperature for B 2 O 3, showing two regimes
Lava lamps An original Mathmos Astro lava lamp A lava lamp is a decorative lamp , invented in 1963 by British entrepreneur Edward Craven Walker , the founder of the lighting company Mathmos . It consists of a bolus of a special coloured wax mixture inside a glass vessel, the remainder of which contains clear or translucent liquid.
They include higher alkanes and lipids, typically with melting points above about 40 °C (104 °F), melting to give low viscosity liquids. Waxes are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents such as hexane, benzene and chloroform. Natural waxes of different types are produced by plants and animals and occur in petroleum.
In condensed matter physics and physical chemistry, the terms viscous liquid, supercooled liquid, and glass forming liquid are often used interchangeably to designate liquids that are at the same time highly viscous (see Viscosity of amorphous materials), can be or are supercooled, and able to form a glass.
where U is the oil's kinematic viscosity at 40 °C (104 °F), Y is the oil's kinematic viscosity at 100 °C (212 °F), and L and H are the viscosities at 40 °C for two hypothetical oils of VI 0 and 100 respectively, having the same viscosity at 100 °C as the oil whose VI we are trying to determine.
The dilute gas viscosity contribution to the total viscosity of a fluid will only be important when predicting the viscosity of vapors at low pressures or the viscosity of dense fluids at high temperatures. The viscosity model for dilute gas, that is shown above, is widely used throughout the industry and applied science communities.
In physics and chemistry, a non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid that does not follow Newton's law of viscosity, that is, it has variable viscosity dependent on stress. In particular, the viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids can change when subjected to force. Ketchup, for example, becomes runnier when shaken and is thus a non-Newtonian fluid.
The section on Ultramafic Lava mentioning that lava at a temperature of 1600 °C can have a viscosity as low as that of water needs a citation. The other statements about viscosity like "100,000 times as viscous as water" could also be resolved by having tables or graphs with the viscosities of different lava types with respect to temperature.
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