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HSTS addresses this problem [2]: §2.4 by informing the browser that connections to the site should always use TLS/SSL. The HSTS header can be stripped by the attacker if this is the user's first visit. Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Microsoft Edge attempt to limit this problem by including a "pre-loaded" list of HSTS sites.
The server communicates the HPKP policy to the user agent via an HTTP response header field named Public-Key-Pins (or Public-Key-Pins-Report-Only for reporting-only purposes).
This class of status code indicates the client must take additional action to complete the request. Many of these status codes are used in URL redirection. [2]A user agent may carry out the additional action with no user interaction only if the method used in the second request is GET or HEAD.
Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network, such as the Internet.The protocol is widely used in applications such as email, instant messaging, and voice over IP, but its use in securing HTTPS remains the most publicly visible.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 January 2025. Extension of the HTTP communications protocol to support TLS encryption Internet protocol suite Application layer BGP DHCP (v6) DNS FTP HTTP (HTTP/3) HTTPS IMAP IRC LDAP MGCP MQTT NNTP NTP OSPF POP PTP ONC/RPC RTP RTSP RIP SIP SMTP SNMP SSH Telnet TLS/SSL XMPP more... Transport layer TCP ...
Failure model [ edit ] If revocation status is unavailable (which may be benign or due to an attack), a client is faced with a dilemma when evaluating a certificate: it may fail-soft and assume that the certificate is still valid; or it may fail-hard and assume that the certificate has been revoked.
The Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) is an Internet protocol used for obtaining the revocation status of an X.509 digital certificate. [2] It is described in RFC 6960 and is on the Internet standards track.
CRL for a revoked cert of Verisign CA. There are two different states of revocation defined in RFC 5280: Revoked A certificate is irreversibly revoked if, for example, it is discovered that the certificate authority (CA) had improperly issued a certificate, or if a private-key is thought to have been compromised.