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The dugong (/ ˈ d (j) uː ɡ ɒ ŋ /; Dugong dugon) is a marine mammal.It is one of four living species of the order Sirenia, which also includes three species of manatees.It is the only living representative of the once-diverse family Dugongidae; its closest modern relative, Steller's sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas), was hunted to extinction in the 18th century.
Dugong skeleton displayed at Philippine National Museum. Dugongidae's body weight ranges from 217 to 307 kg for juveniles, 334 to 424 kg for subadults, and 435 to 568.5 kg for adults. Oral temperatures for individual dugongs is determined from 24° to 34.2 °C. Heart rate readings are from 40 to 96 bpm and vary between individual dugongs.
The family has one surviving species, the dugong (Dugong dugon), one recently extinct species, Steller's sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas), and a number of extinct genera known from fossil records. Subcategories
Another method used tethering dugong calves to the dinghy in order to attract other mature dugongs that can also be killed. [9] Factors, such as metal pollution and human clearance of seagrass, the dugong's main food source, have contributed to the decline. However, the current dugong population of Australia is comparatively healthy, and is ...
A fossil reveals how a now-extinct species of dugong was swimming in the sea about 15 million years ago when it was preyed upon by a crocodile and a tiger shark.
Metaxytherium is an extinct genus of dugong that lived from the Oligocene until the end of the Pliocene. Fossil remains have been found in Africa , Europe , North America and South America . Generally marine seagrass specialists, they inhabited the warm and shallow waters of the Paratethys , Mediterranean , Caribbean Sea and Pacific coastline.
Paenungulata (from Latin paene "almost" + ungulātus "having hoofs") is a clade of "sub-ungulates", which groups three extant mammal orders: Proboscidea (including elephants), Sirenia (sea cows, including dugongs and manatees), and Hyracoidea . At least two more possible orders are known only as fossils, namely Embrithopoda and Desmostylia. [a]
Ecology and Conservation of the Sirenia: Dugongs and Manatees. Conservation Biology. Vol. 18. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 35–77. ISBN 978-0-521-71643-7. Appendices; Velez-Juarbe J, Domning DP, Pyenson ND (2012). "Iterative Evolution of Sympatric Seacow (Dugongidae, Sirenia) Assemblages during the Past ~26 Million Years". PLOS ONE.