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Battista Antonelli (or Bautista) (1547–1616) was a military engineer from a prestigious Italian family of military engineers in the service of the Habsburg monarchs of Austria and Spain. He is credited with designing fortresses in Spanish colonial cities in the Caribbean , including Cartagena de Indias in Colombia , Havana in Cuba , and San ...
The Francisco Hernández expedition (Spanish: Comisión de Francisco Hernández a Nueva España) is considered to be the first scientific expedition to the New World, led by Francisco Hernández de Toledo, a naturalist and physician of the Court of King Philip II, who was highly regarded in Spain because of his works on herbal medicine.
It was produced c. 1550–54 judging by the age at which its subject is shown, [1] though its precise dating is unclear - Philip met the artist in Milan in 1549 during the monarch's first trip to Italy, [2] and again between 1550 and 1551 in Augsburg.
Giovanni Battista Cairati (Cairate, 16th century – Goa, 1596), known in Portuguese as João Baptista Cairato, was an Italian architect and engineer.Cairati was a leading military architect and, after the union of the Portuguese and Spanish empires in 1580, he was sent to the east by Philip II to redesign many of the fortresses. [1]
The banner was given to Toledo Cathedral in 1616 by Philip III of Spain. It was moved to the Museum of Santa Cruz in 1961. [ 1 ] The coats of arms of the leaders of the Holy League (Habsburg Spain, Pope Pius V, Republic of Venice, John of Austria) as depicted in the printed order of battle published on 14 November 1571 by Antonio Lafreri in Rome.
Philip II [note 1] (21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), sometimes known in Spain as Philip the Prudent (Spanish: Felipe el Prudente), was King of Spain [note 2] from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until his death in 1598.
Following the discovery in 1492 by Spaniards of the New World with Italian explorer Christopher Columbus' first voyage there and the first circumnavigation of the world by Ferdinand Magellan in 1521, expeditions led by conquistadors in the 16th century established trading routes linking Europe with all these areas.
The lower half of the painting shows the events of the battle, whilst at the top a female personification of Venice is presented to the Virgin Mary, with Saint James Major (patron of Spain), Saint Peter (patron of the Papal States), Saint Justina (patron of Padua), Saint Mark (patron of Venice), and a group of angels in attendance. [citation ...