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Paracetamol's bioavailability is dose-dependent: it increases from 63 % for 500 mg dose to 89 % for 1000 mg dose. [6] Its plasma terminal elimination half-life is 1.9–2.5 hours, [ 6 ] and volume of distribution is roughly 50 L. [ 132 ] Protein binding is negligible, except under the conditions of overdose, when it may reach 15–21 %. [ 6 ]
It is typically used either by mouth or rectally but is also available intravenously. [6] [8] Effects last between two and four hours. [8] Paracetamol is classified as a mild analgesic. [8] Paracetamol is generally safe at recommended doses. [9]
"Paracetamol has been associated with cases of acute liver failure, at times resulting in liver transplant and death. Most of the cases of liver injury are associated with the use of paracetamol at doses that exceed 4000 milligrams per day, and often involve more than one paracetamol-containing product." [2]
Ibuprofen/paracetamol, sold under the brand name Combogesic among others, is a fixed-dose combination of two medications, ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); and paracetamol (acetaminophen), an analgesic and antipyretic. [6] It is available as a generic medication. [9] [10] [11]
The active ingredient of its original flagship product is paracetamol (known in the United States, Canada, and various other countries as acetaminophen), an analgesic and antipyretic. Like the words paracetamol and acetaminophen, the brand name Tylenol is derived from a chemical name for the compound, N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP). [1]
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An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [1]
The toxic dose of paracetamol is highly variable. In general the recommended maximum daily dose for healthy adults is 4 grams. [17] [18] Higher doses lead to increasing risk of toxicity. In adults, single doses above 10 grams or 200 mg/kg of bodyweight, whichever is lower, have a reasonable likelihood of causing toxicity.