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Some common examples include sodium metabisulphite and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate. [6] Sweetening agents are only used in gels that are designed to be used in the oral cavity such as dental gels. [3] Examples include sucrose, glycerol, sorbitol and liquid glucose. [3]
Both gas and liquid lubricants can transfer heat. However, liquid lubricants are much more effective on account of their high specific heat capacity. Typically the liquid lubricant is constantly circulated to and from a cooler part of the system, although lubricants may be used to warm as well as to cool when a regulated temperature is required.
An upturned vial of hair gel Silica gel. A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. [1] [2] Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady state, although the liquid phase may still diffuse through this system.
CMC serves to both thicken the solution and add a lubricating effect, and often silicone-based lubricants are added for additional lubrication. The most familiar example of this type of lubricant, used as a surgical and personal lubricant , is K-Y Jelly .
Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate improves the wetting and penetrating abilities of the solution, sorbitol enhances the water-releasing effect of sodium citrate and glycerol helps to lubricate the stool. The combined action helps to soften hard stools and relieve constipation without straining in a very short period of time ~ 15 min. [ 9 ]
The sudden application of force—by stabbing the surface with a finger, for example, or rapidly inverting the container holding it—causes the fluid to behave like a solid rather than a liquid. This is the " shear thickening " property of this non-Newtonian fluid.
Some types are synthetic liquid lubricants that have been used in the aerospace industry for over 30 years. [1] The main properties of PFPE are being temperature resistant between −58 °C (215 K) and 257 °C (530 K) (depending on specific composites), having very low outgassing compared to other fluids ( vapour pressure of 6 × 10 −8 Torr ...
Triglyceride 3 NaOH / H 2 O Δ 3 × soap 3 × glycerol Triglycerides can be saponified with sodium hydroxide to give glycerol and fatty sodium salt or soap. Typical plant sources include soybeans or palm. Animal-derived tallow is another source. From 2000 to 2004, approximately 950,000 tons per year were produced in the United States and Europe; 350,000 tons of glycerol were produced in the U ...