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The courts may also interpret a law in such a manner that any objection against it of retrospective operation may be removed. [29] An example for retrospective law in India is the Karnataka Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prohibition of Transfer of Certain Lands) Act, 1978 [30] in the state of Karnataka.
The Supreme Court disagreed, an amendment would not be considered retrospective unless it explicitly said so. The text of the 105th Amendment has no indication that it is retrospective. However, the Vanniyar reservation law only changed the quantum and classification of the community that was already recognised as an SEBC in 1994.
The Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, an amendment to the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, received the assent from President of India on 5 September 2005 and was given effect from 9 September 2005. [1] It was essentially meant for removing gender stereotype provisions regarding property rights in the Hindu Succession Act, 1956.
The framing effect which underlies the sunk cost effect builds upon the concept of extensionality where the outcome is the same regardless of how the information is framed. This is in contradiction to the concept of intentionality, which is concerned with whether the presentation of information changes the situation in question.
The principle of non-retroactivity is widely recognized for international laws such as treaties, [1] although treaties can have retroactive effect if the parties so intend. [2] It is also widely recognized in criminal law, at least to the extent of prohibiting criminal sanctions that were not in place at the time of the crime.
The black swan theory or theory of black swan events is a metaphor that describes an event that comes as a surprise, has a major effect, and is often inappropriately rationalized after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. The term is based on a Latin expression which presumed that black swans did not exist. The expression was used until ...
The hindsight bias effect is a paradigm that demonstrates how recently acquired knowledge influences the recollection of past information. Recently acquired knowledge has a strange but strong influence on schizophrenic individuals in relation to information previously learned.
A retrospective (from Latin retrospectare, "look back"), generally, is a look back at events that took place, or works that were produced, in the past.As a noun, retrospective has specific meanings in software development, popular culture, and the arts.