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A software bug is a design defect in computer software.A computer program with many or serious bugs may be described as buggy.. The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in the user interface) to severe (such as frequent crashing).
An exception handling mechanism allows the procedure to raise an exception [2] if this precondition is violated, [1] for example if the procedure has been called on an abnormal set of arguments. The exception handling mechanism then handles the exception. [3] The precondition, and the definition of exception, is subjective.
The term bug applies exclusively to a system that is (human) designed; not to a natural system; and that the issue is within the influence of human control. For example, humans have faults but not bugs, and a server crash due to natural disaster is not a bug. In addition to or instead of defect, some use: error, flaw or fault.
Starting with Ruby version 1.9.2 (released on 18 August 2010), the bug with year 2038 is fixed, [16] by storing time in a signed 64-bit integer on systems with 32-bit time_t. [17] Starting with NetBSD version 6.0 (released in October 2012), the NetBSD operating system uses a 64-bit time_t for both 32-bit and 64-bit architectures.
Typical causes include accessing invalid memory addresses, [a] incorrect address values in the program counter, buffer overflow, overwriting a portion of the affected program code due to an earlier bug, executing invalid machine instructions (an illegal or unauthorized opcode), or triggering an unhandled exception. The original software bug ...
programming errors in complex conditional branches; a consequence of the internal transformations performed by an optimizing compiler; incomplete testing of new or modified code; Legacy code Code superseded by another implementation; Unreachable code that a programmer decided not to delete because it is mingled with reachable code
This is in contrast to package decay-induced soft errors, which do not change with location. [5] As chip density increases, Intel expects the errors caused by cosmic rays to increase and become a limiting factor in design. [4] The average rate of cosmic-ray soft errors is inversely proportional to sunspot activity.
The implementation of exception handling in programming languages typically involves a fair amount of support from both a code generator and the runtime system accompanying a compiler. (It was the addition of exception handling to C++ that ended the useful lifetime of the original C++ compiler, Cfront. [18]) Two schemes are most common.