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Neonatal meningitis is a serious medical condition in infants that is rapidly fatal if untreated.Meningitis, an inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the central nervous system, is more common in the neonatal period (infants less than 44 days old) than any other time in life, and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally.
Neonatal infections are infections of the neonate (newborn) acquired during prenatal development or within the first four weeks of life. [1] Neonatal infections may be contracted by mother to child transmission , in the birth canal during childbirth , or after birth. [ 2 ]
The neonatal fragment crystallizable (Fc) receptor (also FcRn, IgG receptor FcRn large subunit p51, or Brambell receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCGRT gene. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is an IgG Fc receptor which is similar in structure to the MHC class I molecule and also associates with beta-2-microglobulin .
Clonidine is an emerging add-on therapy. [41] Opioids such as neonatal morphine solution and methadone are commonly used to treat clinical symptoms of opiate withdrawal, but may prolong neonatal drug exposure and duration of hospitalization. [42]
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
Witch's milk or neonatal milk is milk secreted from the breasts of some newborn human infants of either sex. [1] Production of neonatal milk by infants usually resolves itself and does not require treatment unless it is caused by an underlying condition or medications. [ 2 ]
Phage therapy is under investigation as a method of treating antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Phage therapy involves infecting bacterial pathogens with viruses. Bacteriophages and their host ranges are extremely specific for certain bacteria, thus, unlike antibiotics, they do not disturb the host organism's intestinal microbiota. [201]
Ampicillin/flucloxacillin also known as co-fluampicil (), and sold under the tradename Magnapen, is a combination drug of the two β-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin and flucloxacillin, both in equal amounts, available in a capsule and as a liquid, both taken by mouth, and as a formulation which can be given by injection into muscle or vein.