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  2. Amino acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid

    The two amino acid residues are linked through a peptide bond. As both the amine and carboxylic acid groups of amino acids can react to form amide bonds, one amino acid molecule can react with another and become joined through an amide linkage. This polymerization of amino acids is what creates proteins.

  3. Absolute configuration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_configuration

    Nine of the nineteen L-amino acids commonly found in proteins are dextrorotatory (at a wavelength of 589 nm), and D-fructose is also referred to as levulose because it is levorotatory. A rule of thumb for determining the D/L isomeric form of an amino acid is the "CORN" rule. The groups

  4. 7-methylxanthosine synthase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-methylxanthosine_synthase

    In enzymology, a 7-methylxanthosine synthase (EC 2.1.1.158) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. S-adenosyl-L-methionine + xanthosine S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylxanthosine

  5. Amino acid synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid_synthesis

    Most amino acids are synthesized from α-ketoacids, and later transaminated from another amino acid, usually glutamate. The enzyme involved in this reaction is an aminotransferase. α-ketoacid + glutamate ⇄ amino acid + α-ketoglutarate. Glutamate itself is formed by amination of α-ketoglutarate: α-ketoglutarate + NH + 4 ⇄ glutamate

  6. Protein primary structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_primary_structure

    The existing specialized amino acid sequence compressors are low compared with that of DNA sequence compressors, mainly because of the characteristics of the data. For example, modeling inversions is harder because of the reverse information loss (from amino acids to DNA sequence).

  7. Asx turn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asx_turn

    It consists of three amino acid residues (labeled i, i+1 and i+2) in which residue i is an aspartate (Asp) or asparagine (Asn) that forms a hydrogen bond from its sidechain CO group to the mainchain NH group of residue i+2. About 14% of Asx residues present in proteins belong to Asx turns.

  8. N-terminus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-terminus

    The amino end of an amino acid (on a charged tRNA) during the elongation stage of translation, attaches to the carboxyl end of the growing chain. Since the start codon of the genetic code codes for the amino acid methionine , most protein sequences start with a methionine (or, in bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts , the modified version N ...

  9. Pyrrolysine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrolysine

    Pyrrolysine (symbol Pyl or O; [2] encoded by the 'amber' stop codon UAG) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins in some methanogenic archaea and bacteria; [3] [4] it is not present in humans.

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