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Rhabdomyolysis (shortened as rhabdo) is a condition in which damaged skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly, often due to high intensity exercise over a short period. [ 6 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Symptoms may include muscle pains , weakness, vomiting , and confusion .
These systemic effects are caused by a traumatic rhabdomyolysis. As muscle cells die, they absorb sodium, water, and calcium; the rhabdomyolysis releases potassium, myoglobin, phosphate, thromboplastin, creatine, and creatine kinase. [citation needed] Crush syndrome can directly come from compartment syndrome, if the injury is left untreated. [8]
Exertional rhabdomyolysis, the exercise-induced muscle breakdown that results in muscle pain/soreness, is commonly diagnosed using the urine myoglobin test accompanied by high levels of creatine kinase (CK). Myoglobin is the protein released into the bloodstream when skeletal muscle is broken down. The urine test simply examines whether ...
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, rhabdo is a potentially life-threatening medical condition that occurs "when damaged muscle tissue releases its proteins and ...
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare [5] [6] but life-threatening reaction that can occur in response to antipsychotics (neuroleptic) or other drugs that block the effects of dopamine. [1] [7] Symptoms include high fever, confusion, rigid muscles, variable blood pressure, sweating, and fast heart rate. [1]
These require urgent assessment for rhabdomyolysis as in about 30% of cases this leads to acute kidney injury, which left untreated can be life-threatening. In a small number of cases compartment syndrome has developed, requiring prompt surgical referral. [25] [37] [38]
Heatstroke is a life-threatening condition due to the potential for multi-organ dysfunction, [6] with typical complications including seizures, rhabdomyolysis, or kidney failure. [3] Heat stroke occurs because of high external temperatures and/or physical exertion.
In a minority of cases, disease severity can be exacerbated by three life-threatening complications resulting from persistent rhabdomyolysis: acute kidney failure, respiratory insufficiency, and episodic abnormal heart rhythms. Severe forms may have continual pain from general life activity. The adult form has a variable age of onset.