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Philosophical skepticism (UK spelling: scepticism; from Greek σκέψις skepsis, "inquiry") is a family of philosophical views that question the possibility of knowledge. [1] [2] It differs from other forms of skepticism in that it even rejects very plausible knowledge claims that belong to basic common sense.
Methodological skepticism, also referred to as Cartesian doubt, uses systematic doubt as a method of philosophy. [15] It is motivated by the search for an absolutely certain foundation of knowledge. The method for finding these foundations is doubt: only that which is indubitable can serve this role.
In addition to working on skepticism as a theoretical problem, Williams has a strong interest in the historical development of the skeptical tradition and defends the view that skeptical arguments in modern and contemporary philosophy differ in fundamental ways from similar or related arguments developed in antiquity.
Skepticism, also spelled scepticism in British English, is a questioning attitude or doubt toward knowledge claims that are seen as mere belief or dogma. [1] For example, if a person is skeptical about claims made by their government about an ongoing war then the person doubts that these claims are accurate.
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Epistemic closure [1] is a property of some belief systems.It is the principle that if a subject knows , and knows that entails, then can thereby come to know .Most epistemological theories involve a closure principle and many skeptical arguments assume a closure principle.
Lehrer's work, "Why Not Scepticism?" (WNS) is used in many introductory philosophy courses as a coherent and readable introduction to the subject (1971 Philosophical Forum , vol. II, pp. 283-298). In part VI he critiques Wittgenstein’s view that philosophical skepticism is “disguised nonsense” ( Philosophical Investigations §464).
In academic disciplines, scepticism is used to determine the value of an idea. It is an inherent and fundamental part of the philosophy of academia (including philosophy of science , philosophy of history , philosophy of social science , etc.), and therefore part of the sociology of academia ( sociology of science , sociology of history ...