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Analog television encoding systems by nation: NTSC (green), SECAM (orange), and PAL (blue) Phase Alternating Line (PAL) is a colour encoding system for analog television.It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM.
The format of the horizontal sync pulse varies. In the 525-line NTSC system it is a 4.85 μs pulse at 0 V. In the 625-line PAL system the pulse is 4.7 μs at 0 V. This is lower than the amplitude of any video signal (blacker than black) so it can be detected by the level-sensitive sync separator circuit of the receiver.
Analog television systems were standardized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 1961, [1] with each system designated by a letter (A-N) in combination with the color standard used (NTSC, PAL or SECAM) - for example PAL-B, NTSC-M, etc.). These analog systems for TV broadcasting dominated until the 2000s.
NTSC 4.43 is a pseudo-system that transmits a NTSC color subcarrier of 4.43 MHz instead of 3.58 MHz [49] The resulting output is only viewable by TVs that support the resulting pseudo-system (such as most PAL TVs). [50] Using a native NTSC TV to decode the signal yields no color, while using an incompatible PAL TV to decode the system yields ...
Analog television encoding systems by nation: NTSC (green), SECAM (orange), and PAL (blue) SECAM, also written SÉCAM (French pronunciation:, Séquentiel de couleur à mémoire, French for color sequential with memory), is an analog color television system that was used in France, Russia and some other countries or territories of Europe and Africa.
A list of analog television systems worldwide; "System J" of NTSC is designated in dark red. Japan implemented the NTSC standard with slight differences. The black and blanking levels of the NTSC-J signal are identical to each other [10] (both at 0 IRE, similar to the PAL video standard), while in American NTSC the black level is slightly higher (7.5 IRE) than blanking level - because of the ...
PAL-M is incompatible with 625-line based versions of PAL, because its frame rate, scan line, colour subcarrier and sound carrier specifications are different. It will therefore usually give a rolling and/or squashed monochrome picture with no sound on a native European PAL television, as do NTSC signals. PAL-M details: [11] [9] [10]
For viewing native PAL or SECAM material (such as European television series and some European movies) on NTSC equipment, a standards conversion has to take place. There are basically two ways to accomplish this: The framerate can be slowed from 25 to 23.976 frames per second (a slowdown of about 4%) to subsequently apply 3:2 pulldown .
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