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This combination likely improves overall and cancer-specific survival by slowing the spread of the cancer. However, taxane-based chemotherapy may cause an increase in side effects. [45] Medications that block the production of adrenal androgens such as DHEA include ketoconazole and aminoglutethimide. Because the adrenal glands make only about 5 ...
Common indications for urinary catheterization include acute or chronic urinary retention (which can damage the kidneys) from conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, orthopedic procedures that may limit a patient's movement, the need for accurate monitoring of input and output (such as in an ICU), urinary incontinence that may compromise the ability to heal wounds, and the effects of ...
A number of medications exist to treat urinary incontinence including: fesoterodine, tolterodine and oxybutynin. [59] These medications work by relaxing smooth muscle in the bladder. [60] [61] [62] While some of these medications appear to have a small benefit, the risk of side effects are a concern. [59]
At the present time, there is one temporary prostatic stent that has received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. [4] The Spanner [5] temporary prostatic stent maintains urine flow and allows natural voluntary urination. The prostatic stent is a completely internal device and can be inserted and removed as easily as a Foley ...
Catheterization introduces an infection into the bladder. The risk of bladder or urinary tract infection increases with the number of days the catheter is in place. If the balloon is opened before the Foley catheter is completely inserted into the bladder, bleeding, damage and even rupture of the urethra can occur.
The small opening on the skin surface, or the stoma, is typically located either in the navel or nearby the navel on the right lower side of the abdomen. [3] Originally developed by Professor Paul Mitrofanoff in 1980, the procedure represents an alternative to urethral catheterization [ 4 ] and is sometimes used by people with urethral damage ...
Bladder instillation of medication is one of the main forms of treatment of interstitial cystitis, but evidence for its effectiveness is currently limited. [10] Advantages of this treatment approach include direct contact of the medication with the bladder and low systemic side effects due to poor absorption of the medication. [10]
Intermittent catheters come in a variety of designs and differ depending on the user's genitals, with a catheter for a penis being longer and a catheter for a vulva being shorter. The catheter is inserted into the urethra by the patient or a carer and can either be directed down a toilet or, if measurement of volume is required, into a ...