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Chufut-Kale (Crimean Tatar: Çufut Qale Tatar pronunciation: [tʃuˈfut qaˈle]; Russian and Ukrainian: Чуфут-Кале - Chufut-Kale; Karaim: Кала - קלעה - Kala [1]) is a medieval city-fortress in the Crimean Mountains that now lies in ruins.
The Remains of the Fortifications in Chufut-Kale, a painting by Carlo Bossoli (1856) depicting a place which inspired one of Mickiewicz's sonnets. The Crimean Sonnets (Sonety krymskie) are a series of 18 Polish sonnets by Adam Mickiewicz, constituting an artistic telling of a journey through the Crimea.
In March 1441, Genoese sources name him as the new khan. In that year he minted coins with his name at Chufut-Kale, so 1441 is often taken as the official start of his reign and the foundation of the Crimean Khanate. Other possible dates are 1428 (above) and 1449 (below). Vasary says that the traditionally accepted date is August 1449 [7]
In 1467 Mengli occupied the capital of Kyrk-Er (Chufut-Kale) but was soon driven out by Nur Devlet and fled to the Genoese at Kaffa. In June 1468 a delegation of nobles elected him khan at Kaffa. In June 1468 a delegation of nobles elected him khan at Kaffa.
Manor in Chufut-Kale Grave. Abraham Firkovich was born in 1787 into a Crimean Karaite farming family in Lutsk, then part of Poland, now Ukraine.In 1818 he was serving the local Crimean Karaite communities as a junior hazzan, or religious leader, and he went in 1822 to the city of Yevpatoria in Crimea. [1]
The raion contains a great number of historical landmarks of the ancient history and the Middle Ages history of Crimea, among which are so called cave cities Chufut-Kale, Mangup, and others. The administrative centre of the raion, Bakhchysarai , in the past was a capital of the Crimean Khanate .
The area around Chufut-Kale was home to Alans from the 6th to the 15th century. It served as the first capital of Crimean Tatars in the 14th century. Between the 17th and 19th centuries, Crimean Karaites became the largest ethnic group in the city. Most of the archaeological remains are from this period. [31]
After the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, many Greek-speaking Qaraites decided to migrate to the Mangup and Chufut-Kale as these places had a familiar Christian Greek culture. [6] The Turkish historian Djennebi mentions that in 1475, after the taking of Caffa, Gedik Ahmet Pasha decided to take possession of the fortress of Mankup.