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The Birkeland–Eyde process was one of the competing industrial processes at the beginning of nitrogen-based fertilizer production. [12] This process was used to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) into nitric acid (HNO 3), one of several chemical processes called nitrogen fixation. The resultant nitric acid was then used as a source of nitrate (NO ...
The nitrophosphate process (also known as the Odda process) is a method for the industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers invented by Erling Johnson in the municipality of Odda, Norway around 1927. The process involves acidifying phosphate rock with dilute nitric acid to produce a mixture of phosphoric acid and calcium nitrate.
The history of the Haber process begins with the invention of the Haber process at the dawn of the twentieth century. The process allows the economical fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen in the form of ammonia, which in turn allows for the industrial synthesis of various explosives and nitrogen fertilizers, and is probably the most important industrial process developed during the twentieth ...
The Birkeland–Eyde process was one of the competing industrial processes in the beginning of nitrogen-based fertilizer production. It is a multi-step nitrogen fixation reaction that uses electrical arcs to react atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) with oxygen (O 2), ultimately producing nitric acid (HNO 3) with water. [1]
The Haber process, [1] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) to ammonia (NH 3 ) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2 ) using finely divided iron metal as a catalyst:
The Ostwald process is a chemical process for production of nitric acid (HNO 3), which was developed by Wilhelm Ostwald (patented 1902). It is a mainstay of the modern chemical industry and provides the raw material for the most common type of fertilizer production, globally (for example, ammonium nitrate , a common fertilizer, is made by ...
The Haber process, [5] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) to ammonia (NH 3 ) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2 ) using finely divided iron metal as a catalyst:
The Haber–Bosch process was a milestone in industrial chemistry. The production of nitrogen-based products such as fertilizer and chemical feedstocks, which was previously dependent on acquisition of ammonia from limited natural deposits, now became possible using an easily available and abundant base: atmospheric nitrogen. [19]
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