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Crucifixion is a method of capital punishment in which the condemned is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross, beam or stake and left to hang until eventual death. [1] [2] It was used as a punishment by the Persians, Carthaginians, and Romans, [1] among others. Crucifixion has been used in some countries as recently as the 21st century. [3]
The crucifixion of Jesus was the death of Jesus by being nailed to a cross. [note 1] It occurred in 1st-century Judaea, most likely in AD 30 or AD 33.It is described in the four canonical gospels, referred to in the New Testament epistles, and later attested to by other ancient sources.
In his book Crucifixion in Antiquity, Gunnar Samuelsson declares that, while the New Testament terminology is in itself not conclusive one way or another for the meaning of the word, "[t]here is a good possibility that σταυρός, when used by the evangelists, already had been charged with a distinct denotation − from Calvary. When, e.g ...
The crucifixion of Jesus is one of the most illustrated events in human history.. For centuries, artists have reimagined it as a form of remembrance and as a means to convey the story of brutality ...
Crucifixion imagery is also used to make points in political cartoons. An image of a skinhead being crucified is a popular symbol among the skinhead subculture, and it is used to convey a sense of societal alienation or persecution against the subculture. [47]
The crucifix is a principal symbol for many groups of Christians, and one of the most common forms of the Crucifixion in the arts. It is especially important in the Catholic Church , and is also used in the Lutheran Churches , Anglican Churches , Eastern Orthodox Church , and in most Oriental Orthodox Churches (except the Armenian Church and ...
The three nails, as a symbol for the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, are also used on the coats of arms of Drahovce, Slovakia, Saint Saviour, Jersey, St. Clement Parish, Ottawa and in the seal of the Society of Jesus.
The earliest crucifixion in an illuminated manuscript, from the Rabbula Gospels, also shows the resurrection.. The development of iconography of the Resurrection occurred at the same time as the ecumenical councils of the 4th, 5th and 6th centuries, that were specifically devoted to Christology. [7]