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Ondansetron, sold under the brand name Zofran among others, is a medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, migraines, or surgery. [8] It is also effective for treating gastroenteritis. [9] [10] It can be given orally (by mouth), intramuscularly (injection into a muscle), or intravenously ...
Promethazine (Pentazine, Phenergan, Promacot) can be administered via a rectal suppository, intravenous injection, oral tablet or oral suspension for adults and children over 2 years of age. Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) Cannabinoids are used in patients with cachexia, cytotoxic nausea, and vomiting, or who are unresponsive to other agents. These may ...
The 5-HT 3 antagonists are also indicated in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV), when needed, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Although they are more effective at controlling CINV—where they stop symptoms altogether in up to 70% of people, and reduce them in the remaining 30%—, they are ...
The vomiting center of the brain refers to the groups of loosely organized neurons in the medulla that include the CTZ within the area postrema and the nucleus tractus solitarii. [2] One of the ways the chemoreceptor trigger zone implements its effects on the vomiting center is by activation of the opioid mu receptors and delta receptors. [6]
Another subclass consists of drugs selectively acting at the 5-HT 3 receptors, and thus are known as 5-HT 3 antagonists. They are efficacious in treating chemotherapy-induced emesis and postoperative nausea and vomiting. [1] They include, but are not limited to: Dolasetron; Granisetron; Ondansetron; Palonosetron; Tropisetron
The newest 5-HT 3 inhibitor, palonosetron (Aloxi), also prevents delayed nausea and vomiting, which can occur during the 2–5 days after treatment. Since some patients have trouble swallowing pills, these drugs are often available by injection , as orally disintegrating tablets , or as transdermal patches .
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