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Rogers argues that diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the participants in a social system. The origins of the diffusion of innovations theory are varied and span multiple disciplines.
The diffusion of innovations provides insights into the process of social change: one can observe the qualities that make an innovation successfully spread and the importance of communication and networks. [6] According to Rogers, a new idea is diffused through a decision-making process with five steps: [3]
Diffusion of innovations theory, pioneered by Everett Rogers, posits that people have different levels of readiness for adopting new innovations and that the characteristics of a product affect overall adoption. Rogers classified individuals into five groups: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards.
Rogers generalized the diffusion process to innovations outside the agricultural sector of the midwestern USA, and successfully popularized his generalizations in his widely acclaimed 1962 book Diffusion of Innovations [14] (now in its fifth edition).
The concept of the innovation system stresses that the flow of technology and information among people, enterprises, and institutions is key to an innovative process. It contains the interactions between the actors needed in order to turn an idea into a process, product, or service on the market.
The two-step hypothesis – information and acceptance flows, via the media, first to opinion leaders, then to the general population Trickle-down fashion – products tend to be expensive at first, and therefore only accessible to the wealthy social strata – in time they become less expensive and are diffused to lower and lower strata.
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Technological change (TC) or technological development is the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes. [1] [2] In essence, technological change covers the invention of technologies (including processes) and their commercialization or release as open source via research and development (producing emerging technologies), the continual improvement of ...