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Molecular geometries can be specified in terms of 'bond lengths', 'bond angles' and 'torsional angles'. The bond length is defined to be the average distance between the nuclei of two atoms bonded together in any given molecule. A bond angle is the angle formed between three atoms across at least two bonds.
Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...
In chemistry, molecules with a non-collinear arrangement of two adjacent bonds have bent molecular geometry, also known as angular or V-shaped. Certain atoms, such as oxygen, will almost always set their two (or more) covalent bonds in non-collinear directions due to their electron configuration.
The measure of ∠AOB, where O is the center of the circle, is 2α. The inscribed angle theorem states that an angle θ inscribed in a circle is half of the central angle 2θ that intercepts the same arc on the circle. Therefore, the angle does not change as its vertex is moved to different positions on the circle.
In the context of chemistry, cis indicates that the functional groups (substituents) are on the same side of some plane, while trans conveys that they are on opposing (transverse) sides. Cis – trans isomers are stereoisomers , that is, pairs of molecules which have the same formula but whose functional groups are in different orientations in ...
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This angle may be calculated from the dot product of the two vectors, defined as a ⋅ b = ‖ a ‖ ‖ b ‖ cos θ where ‖ a ‖ denotes the length of vector a. As shown in the diagram, the dot product here is –1 and the length of each vector is √ 3 , so that cos θ = – 1 / 3 and the tetrahedral bond angle θ = arccos ...
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