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The English name "Normans" comes from the French words Normans/Normanz, plural of Normant, [17] modern French normand, which is itself borrowed from Old Low Franconian Nortmann "Northman" [18] or directly from Old Norse Norðmaðr, Latinized variously as Nortmannus, Normannus, or Nordmannus (recorded in Medieval Latin, 9th century) to mean "Norseman, Viking".
Rollo left a legacy as the founder of Normandy, and his leadership and integration of Viking settlers into the region transformed it into a stable political entity. [56] His lineage played a key role in shaping medieval Europe, as it was William the Conqueror , another descendant of Rollo, who famously led the Norman Conquest of England in 1066.
In the Middle Ages, viking came to refer to Scandinavian pirates or raiders. [29] [30] [31] The earliest reference to wicing in English sources is from the Épinal-Erfurt glossary (c. 700), about 93 years before the first known attack by Viking raiders in England. The glossary lists the Latin translation for wicing as piraticum 'pirate'.
The Normans were descended from Vikings who had settled in Normandy, and although they had adopted the French language, their heritage was essentially Viking. In this manner, the Vikings ultimately (if indirectly) finally conquered and kept England after all. [6]
[7] [86] Sub-groups of the Normans include Anglo-Normans, Scoto-Normans, Cambro-Normans, Hiberno-Normans and Italo-Normans. Some Vikings raided in Spain, and sailed through the Strait of Gibraltar and pillaged the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. [87] In the east the Danish Viking were active in raiding the Wends. The most famous colonies ...
The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 9th and 10th centuries . People or things connected with the Norman conquest of southern Italy in the 11th and 12th centuries
Much of the north of 9th century England was occupied by Norse invaders, who left behind descendants with Norse surnames. Norse invaders ruled much of northern England, in the 9th and 10th centuries, and left English surnames of Norse origin in the area now called the Danelaw.
The formation of the Norman state also coincided with the creation of an origin myth for the Norman ducal family through Dudo, such as Rollo being compared to a "good pagan" like the Trojan hero Aeneas. Through this narrative, the Normans were assimilated closer to the Frankish core as they moved away from their pagan Scandinavian origins. [5] [6]